It is emerging convincingly that the genesis of Type 2 Diabetes and Coronary Heart Disease begins in childhood, with childhood obesity serving as an important factor. Females are more likely to be obese as compared to males, owing to inherent hormonal differences. The highest prevalence rates of childhood obesity have been observed in developed countries however, its prevalence is increasing in developing countries as well. Obesity has reached epidemic levels in developed countries. Concomitantly, there is a progressive rise in the prevalence of obesity, diabetes and other nutrition related chronic diseases (NRCDs) like obesity, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and some forms of cancer. The world is undergoing a rapid epidemiological and nutritional transition characterized by persistent nutritional deficiencies, as evidenced by the prevalence of stunting, anemia, and iron and zinc deficiencies. Many co-morbid conditions like metabolic, cardiovascular, orthopedic, neurological, hepatic, pulmonary, and renal disorders are also seen in association with childhood obesity. It is also associated with poor academic performance and a lower quality of life experienced by the child. Childhood obesity can profoundly affect children's physical health, social, and emotional well-being, and self esteem. On the other hand, there are supporting evidence that excessive sugar intake by soft drink, increased portion size, and steady decline in physical activity have been playing major roles in the rising rates of obesity all around the world.
In general, overweight and obesity are assumed to be the results of an increase in caloric and fat intake. Environmental factors, lifestyle preferences, and cultural environment play pivotal roles in the rising prevalence of obesity worldwide. The mechanism of obesity development is not fully understood and it is believed to be a disorder with multiple causes.
Overweight and obese children are likely to stay obese into adulthood and more likely to develop non-communicable diseases like diabetes and cardiovascular diseases at a younger age. Overweight and obesity in childhood are known to have significant impact on both physical and psychological health.
Childhood obesity has reached epidemic levels in developed as well as in developing countries.
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